منابع مشابه
Reprogramming the genetic code.
When Maria Leptin called to say that I had been awarded the 2010 EMBO Gold Medal, I was delighted and surprised. The roll call of past winners is impressive, and I had been at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) when Jan Löwe had received the award in 2007 for his elegant work on the bacterial cytoskeleton (Michie and Löwe, 2006). I also knew that several other LMB scientists, including B...
متن کاملReprogramming the genetic code: from triplet to quadruplet codes.
The genetic code of cells is near-universally triplet, and since many ribosomal mutations are lethal, changing the cellular ribosome to read nontriplet codes is challenging. Herein we review work on the incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins in response to quadruplet codons, and the creation of an orthogonal translation system in the cell that uses an evolved orthogonal ribosome t...
متن کاملAlexander Meissner: Learning the reprogramming code
C ells keep a record of their developmental history by chemically modifying their histones and DNA to alter chromatin structure and control gene expression. Resetting these epigenetic marks is an essential step in reprogramming adult cells to produce embryonic stem (ES)–like cells able to develop into every tissue of the body. Alex Meissner fi rst became interested in epigenetics as a graduate ...
متن کاملDiscovering functional, non-proteinogenic amino acid containing, peptides using genetic code reprogramming.
The protein synthesis machinery of the cell, the ribosome and associated factors, is able to accurately follow the canonical genetic code, that which maps RNA sequence to protein sequence, to assemble functional proteins from the twenty or so proteinogenic amino acids. A number of innovative methods have arisen to take advantage of this accurate, and efficient, machinery to direct the assembly ...
متن کاملGenetic code
Is the code universal? No. Although most organisms have the same genetic code, researchers began to discover exceptions to the ‘universal’ code in 1979, and today we know of more than 15 alternative codes; each has just a few differences from the standard code, indicating common ancestry from this code. Several of these codes arose independently a number of times in evolution and are present in...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Seibutsu Butsuri
سال: 2012
ISSN: 0582-4052,1347-4219
DOI: 10.2142/biophys.52.004